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Student Loan Refinancing For Agricultural Scientists: Optimizing Financial Plans For Farming Careers
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By Liurui Deng Liurui Deng Scilit Preprints.org Google Scholar View Publications, Wentang Xu Wentang Xu Scilit Preprints.org Google Scholar View Publications and Juan Luo Juan Luo Scilit Preprints.org Google Scholar View Publications *
Original submission received: August 15, 2021 / Revised: October 30, 2021 / Received: November 5, 2021 / Published: November 10, 2021
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In recent years, many countries have proposed various sustainable development strategies regarding environmental issues. Green supply chain management is an effective sustainable development method that combines “local knowledge” and “economic development”. Therefore, the effective introduction of the “green” concept is the main guide for the sustainable development of agriculture in the future. The effects of green credit policies on agricultural supply chains have rarely been discussed before. Therefore, we focus on the motivation mechanism of green credit policies in the agricultural supply chain. We use the Stackelberg leadership model to build a pricing model that incorporates interest subsidies and reserve requirement reductions (RRR), and determine the pricing rules of bank loan and loan production decisions. Credit by assessing the optimization problems of the bank and the farmer. The result shows that there are better decisions for the farmer and the bank in the supply chain game. The implementation of green credit policies contributes to their respective profits. In addition, green credit policies give banks the opportunity to lower interest rates so that the overall utility level of the supply chain can be improved.
As a major agricultural producer, agriculture is an important industry for the construction and development of China’s national economy. Rural financial markets have long been plagued by lack of funds and insufficient supply, leading to reduced rural economic development and urban-rural income gaps. Studies have shown that the implementation of agricultural policies plays an important role in reducing the fluctuations in the flow of capital caused by different levels of financial conflict between sectors [1], and helping family agriculture to escape poverty [2]. At the same time, relying only on public finance policies to support agriculture cannot play an appropriate role, and the combination of public finance and commercial finance is the key to building a sustainable rural finance system [3]. Therefore, guiding the financial sector through policies to help promote agricultural development is an important tool for the rapid development of rural financial markets. Modern agricultural production is subject to supply chains that involve multiple elements of the industrial chain, and in this context, agricultural supply chain finance becomes an important innovative force to break the establishment of the rural financial market and make a positive impact in poverty reduction [4 ] ].
We can see that policy support and modern supply chain management play an important role in promoting agricultural development. The Green Credit Policy (GCP), one of the policies strongly supported by the government, is designed for environmental protection and sustainable development. Therefore, we focus on the impact of the green credit policy on the profits of the farmer and the bank, both of which are decision makers in the supply chain. We study the best practices of each subject in the green agricultural supply chain through the Stackelberg model, explore the mechanism of the effect of green credit on the entire agricultural supply chain and the best way to promote the sustainable development of the agricultural supply chain.
The new features and contributions are as follows. First, previous studies on green credit have mainly focused on the macro level, but we study the impact process of green credit from a micro perspective. We introduce green credit into the traditional agricultural supply chain to study the impact of green credit policies on the green supply chain. Second, previous studies on agricultural supply chains mainly focus on productivity and risks. We introduce a green credit policy in traditional agricultural supply chains to expand their research content. Third, previous studies on supply chain finance do not consider the randomness of production, but agricultural production is stochastic due to climate change and natural disasters. We consider the characteristics of agricultural production and the randomness of production, which also makes our research relevant to real situations.
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Literature studies on green credit policy (GCP) are related to the impact of green finance on housing development, river and lake construction and marine economic areas, but there is a lack of studies on the agricultural sector [5, 6, 7]. Researchers have mainly studied the impact of green finance on corporate and regional economies from a macro perspective. Several researchers have analyzed the current state of green finance and existing problems [8, 9]. We found that the problems of the delayed development of green finance in Hebei include the lack of effective policies, narrow financing channels and high financing costs in traditional industries [10]. Forest area, wastewater emission, energy consumption, environmental management investment and industrial structure can increase the demand for green finance in East China [11]. The green credit effect is estimated in the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model [12]. The effect of green finance on economic growth is non-linear, and the effect is evolutionary [13].
Some studies focus on aspects such as performance evaluation and risk management of green finance. A green risk assessment index system was developed for China, taking into account the supply and demand of government, market and capital [14]. A study incorporated non-financial and green indicators to improve the performance evaluation system [15]. Another study analyzed that the risk of loss for green investment projects can be reduced by building a multi-party game model between the government, financial institutions and green companies [16].
Green finance and development are also studied for their environmental effects. The green finance policy has been found to prevent polluting industries while promoting environmentally clean industries with greater influence in eastern than western China [17]. The directions of green growth trajectories have been influenced by differences in technological incentives in carbon emission reduction strategies under carbon markets, carbon taxes and hybrid policies [18].
In terms of research methods, researchers have used empirical models for macro data. Green factors can be integrated into the traditional macro model [19]. Some researchers use generalized accounting model (CGE) to study the efficiency effects of green credit policies [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ]. A stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model can be used to study problems in areas related to green finance [24]. A traditional DSGE model has been developed to determine the mechanisms and effects of green credit incentive policies [25].
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The literature on green supply chain management and finance is well established. Several researchers have studied the social impact of green supply chain management. Green supply chain management has been found to have a positive multiplier effect on environmental issues [26]. In a structural equation modeling study involving 159 manufacturers, green supply chain management practices were found to improve operational efficiency and economic performance while reducing environmental impacts [ 27 ]. A previous study on financing strategies in green supply chains found that financing green supply chains is an important force in helping companies complete a paradigm shift and promote sustainable development [28]. A previous study on the environmental performance of 58 microfinance institutions in Europe found that the extent of non-bank financial institutions’ investments is closely related to the environmental performance of the institution as a whole [29].
The business processes of supply chain companies are also studied. In green product supply chains where manufacturers are financially constrained, retailers should participate in financing manufacturers by adopting a zero-payment discount policy [30]. The supplier wants to buy from green companies with low cost and low risk, and
