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The Silent Threat: Payload Xss Risks And How To Mitigate Them

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December 3, 2023

The Silent Threat: Payload Xss Risks And How To Mitigate Them – Cross-site scripting (CSSS) is a web application vulnerability that allows an attacker to inject malicious HTML and/or JavaScript code that will then be executed in the victim’s web browser. Since the code is executed in web browsers, this is classified as a client-side attack and can lead to an attacker stealing your web browser sessions.

In this blog post, I’ll discuss XSS attack vectors, detailing how an attacker’s injected code would work on a victim’s browser, as well as the real-world effects of the vulnerability.

The Silent Threat: Payload Xss Risks And How To Mitigate Them

The Silent Threat: Payload Xss Risks And How To Mitigate Them

In short, CSS is done by attackers injecting HTML and/or JavaScript code into a web page. The website will analyze the code and present it to the victim in the web browser. CSSS is accomplished by accessing a victim’s website and creating malicious code that is injected so that the attacker can perform unwanted actions on behalf of the victim.

Vulnerability Severity Levels

There are two main types of CSSS, viewable (RKSSS) and stored (SKSSS). RKSSS occurs every time the victim performs a certain action. For example, click on a link received in an email with JavaScript code. The behavior of RKSSS should be continuous, meaning it should start every time you click on a bad link. The payload used for an RKSSS attack should not be stored in an unprotected web application.

SKSSS, on the other hand, visits the site every time it displays malicious JavaScript. This is because the payload is stored in the web application and just waits for the victim to see it on the web. In other words, an attacker only needs to inject a malicious payload into the site once. Compared to RKSSS, SKSSS vulnerabilities are more at risk because they require less social engineering.

CSS vulnerabilities are among the top 10 most common web application vulnerabilities. The industry standard set by the Open Web Application Security Project (OVASP) maintains a list of the 10 most dangerous web software vulnerabilities, and CSSS has been on that list for nearly two decades. This is probably a good sign and should serve as a warning to webmasters not to underestimate the impact of web content.

Enough with the boring theories, let’s get down to some real CSSS exploits. For this blog post I will be using the Damn Vulnerable Web Application (DVVA) as a demo application. This is a web application specially developed for cyber security enthusiasts to use their skills. It’s also easy to set up and I’d recommend readers check it out if they’re interested in cyber security.

How To Verify A Cross Site Scripting Vulnerability

CSSS can be used to perform various attacks. Some of the most common are session hijacking, identity harvesting, and download attacks. Note that this is not a definitive list. Because CSS depends on the execution of JavaScript code, CSS can be used for anything JavaScript can do or achieve.

An attacker can use XSS to steal session cookies. Because session cookies are used to store the logged-in session within a web account, an attacker who guesses this password can obtain a valid session on the website. In other words, log into the victim’s account without needing a username and password.

This is shown below on the DVVA website. An attacker can insert malicious code into the URL of a non-CSSS protected website and send it as a link to the victim. In this case, the “name” parameter is displayed at the following URL:

The Silent Threat: Payload Xss Risks And How To Mitigate Them

The URL looks clearly malicious and some security-conscious users avoid clicking on such links. An element of social engineering is required here to get victims to click on the link. For example, this link can be sent via email, which allows an attacker to mask the exact location of the URL. Shown below is where the exact location can only be revealed when the mouse pointer hovers over the link:

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The attacker will use ncat on my local machine to set up a listener to get session cookies before sending those phishing links. When the victim clicks on the above link, the PHPSESSID token will be provided on my listener as shown below:

From there, the attacker can log into the victim’s session on the vulnerable website using the session key, thereby hijacking the session.

Credential manipulation is a common attack vector associated with the use of CSS attacks. In its simplest form, this is achieved with nested CSSS. Fortunately, DVVA has a website without SKSSS as shown below:

As you can see, the website stores the names and messages provided by the users of the website. By adding malicious code to the message box shown below, an attacker can inject a JavaScript file (test.js) located on the attacker’s device.

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The test.js file contains JavaScript code to request credentials from the victim. Since the XSS payload is now hosted on the site, victims visiting the vulnerable site will be prompted for the following credentials:

Detrust can also be achieved by redirecting victims to a clone of a malicious website. This might be easier to do, just edit the contents of test.js to add something like the following:

Also, when the victim visits the malicious website, they will be redirected to https://vvv.evil.com, a clone of the malicious website’s login page. In my experience, victims usually don’t notice sudden changes in website URLs in the URL string. When victims hack their username and password, their credentials will be captured and they will be redirected to a legitimate site, pretending they never visited the malicious site.

The Silent Threat: Payload Xss Risks And How To Mitigate Them

Download attacks occur when malicious software or other scripts are deliberately downloaded onto your computer. A typical scenario for this attack is when the victim is just browsing a website, and suddenly a new browser tab opens and quickly closes. Note that the occurrence of this behavior may be an indication of a driver download.

The Impacts Of Cross Site Scripting

A careful examination of the Downloads folder will reveal that malicious programs or scripts have been downloaded. However, a successful exploit would require victims to accidentally run downloaded programs or scripts. Additionally, an attacker must rely on other vulnerabilities to launch the malware.

There are several vulnerabilities that you can apply to your website to prevent attackers from using it to perform CSS attacks. First of all, encode the output data when displayed in web browsers. This must be done in HTML coding and must contain characters that can be used to perform client-side injection attacks, such as angle brackets, backslashes, curly braces, shells, single and double characters ( `include ( )'”. program When user input is presented in HTML-encoded format, web browsers will automatically convert it to the appropriate special characters.

Second, make sure any software or functionality that relies on third-party scripts is up to date. This is because some CSS vulnerabilities are caused by using older versions of the software.

This may not be the best mitigation to implement against CSSS, but it will reduce the chances of a successful CSSS attack. Ensure that the input entered by the user is clean and valid using server-side scripts. This will allow your website to process only those entries that are considered safe and do not contain malicious content.

What Is Cross Site Scripting (xss) And How To Prevent As A Developer?

Also, make sure that the session cookies used by your website are marked as “HttpOnly”. This will prevent JavaScript from accessing them, thus preventing an attacker from accessing the victim’s session via CSSS. Finally, make sure HTTP security headers are implemented, as they can provide additional protection against CSS attacks. I also wrote a blog post specifically discussing HTTP security headers.

You would think that since CSSS has been around for so long, people would know better and work to prevent it. The statistics speak for themselves, XSS vulnerabilities even have their own category on OVASP’s top 10 vulnerability list and have been plaguing websites for almost two decades. This isn’t always the case, and some sites I’ve tested in the past do a good job of preventing this; However, I was able to use the actions our clients used on one site from all the sites they deployed. In such cases, implementing CSSS protection is only a consistent problem and should be done on all web pages on the site. The payloads I used in the previous demos are just basic payloads, and simple restrictions can be used to deny such access. However, great performance can be achieved by investing in a

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